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Hydrophobic organic compounds in soils, mainly derived from plants, cause soil water repellency (SWR). The relation between such hydrophobic compounds, which we call SWR-markers, and SWR has been rarely known. We aim to understand these relations and trace the possible origin of SWR-markers. Sandy soils were collected from the field under various vegetation at different depths. Of the bulk soil characteristics,...
This study investigated the effectiveness of several microorganisms, such as a Bacillus megaterium strain and/or an autochthonous consortium of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on plant growth and drought tolerance in a natural semiarid soil. The effect of treated Aspergillus niger residue from sugar beet was also evaluated in non-inoculated and inoculated plants. Results from three successive harvests...
The objective of the study was to determine the effect of nanoparticles (NPs) and their bulk counterparts on the enzymatic activity of two soils. The study comprised analyses of the effect of four NPs (ZnO, CuO, Cr2O3, Ni) on the activity of dehydrogenase, urease, acidic and alkaline phosphatase in two soils with different physicochemical properties. The effect of the concentration of NPs (10, 100...
Deposits of phosphate rocks are non-renewable and the only fossil resource for the production of phosphate fertilizers. The presence of phosphorus (P) in animal and domestic wastes provides an alternative opportunity to recycle P for use as P fertilizer. Hence, the objective of the present study was to assess the plant availability of recycled P products derived from dairy effluents (one product,...
Development of a soil quality index for kikuyu (Pennisetum clandestinum)–ryegrasss (Lolium spp.) pasture systems in the southern Cape of South Africa is important since there are certain warning signs that their sustainability is being threatened. A total of 142 pastures throughout the region were sampled and several soil physical, chemical and biological indicators were quantified. A minimum data...
Forest soils store large amounts of carbon (C), and stock changes in this C pool may significantly increase the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere. However, estimation of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks and stock changes following land use transition to forestry is subject to large uncertainty. Many currently used geochemical modelling approaches, such as YASSO, are used to estimate regional changes...
The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between soil attributes and environmental covariates in a tropical hillslope environment on a regional scale to estimate spatial distribution of soil attributes and identify statistical and geostatistical techniques that could represent the variation of the soil attributes. The study was performed in Bom Jardim County, Brazil, and covered...
We compared a calcareous soil developed from a lignite vein (natural outcrop) and a control adjacent soil without lignite in order to assess the impact of lignite on pedogenetic processes and microbial functions in Mediterranean soils. Lignite was evidenced by the 14C analysis, δ13C signature and SS 13C CPMAS NMR spectroscopy in the various soil horizons. Physico-chemical (particle size analysis,...
The water flow velocity along an eroding rill is of interests for understanding rill erosion hydrodynamics. Soil erosion makes the measurement of flow velocity highly variable. In this paper, a new method is suggested to simulate rills so as to make controllable and efficient measurements of erosive velocity of rill flow. A series of comparative flume experiments were conducted to verify the method...
The objective of this study was to characterize the formation and properties of black carbon (BC) domains within pyrogenic organic material (PyOM) of an Arenosol derived from a fire-affected site in Portugal (Algarve, Faro). Both the particulate organic matter (POM) and organo-mineral particle size fractions were investigated by means of 13C CPMAS NMR (composition of the soil organic matter, SOM)...
To understand the contribution of upbuilding pedogenesis to the accumulation of sulfur (S) in Melanudands, we investigated the vertical distribution of S species using K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy of S species and vertical variation of δ34S values of total S in two Japanese Melanudands developed above tephra Nt-S, dated at 14–15cal.ka. These soils have been developed...
Sensitive input parameters such as herbicide sorption coefficients are seldom quantified in sufficient spatial detail, leading to large uncertainties in pesticide fate model predictions at regional and national scales. This study examined the spatial variability of soil characteristics and herbicide sorption coefficients (Kd) in a total of 609 soil samples obtained from 140 soil profiles in two undulating...
The objective of this work was to study the effects of amending a pyrite-derived mine soil with mussel shell (MS) on As and Cr adsorption/desorption.The methodological approach consisted in using stirred flow chamber experiments to elucidate competitive and non-competitive As and Cr adsorption/desorption kinetics, both in un-amended and MS-amended mine soil samples.The results of the experiments indicate...
Hydroxylamine (HA) is a crucial intermediate in the first step of nitrification, i.e., the oxidation of ammonium to nitrite. Due to its reactivity, HA may play a key role in soil N2O emission. To determine soil HA concentrations and to explore the correlation between soil HA concentrations and N2O emission rates, we developed a novel, extremely sensitive method based on fast extraction of HA from...
In this work the distribution of free and weekly adsorbed aromatic acids (phthalic acid and ten phenolic acids; gallic, p-hydroxybenzoic, salicylic, vanillic, protocatechuic, p-coumaric, syringic, sinapic, ferulic and caffeic acid), which could participate in weathering and soil formation processes, were studied for O, E and B horizons in a podzol soil in central Sweden. For the analysis a simple...
The total content, distribution and assessment of Hg sources in five soils of a toposequence of sub-Antarctic forest soils in Tierra del Fuego were explained as a combination of pedogenetic processes and the interactions between Hg and the soil compounds. The soils of the toposequence were mainly podzols and podzolic soils, strongly acidic (water pH<5.0), organic matter rich in O horizons (239–444gkg...
Spatial predictions of soil properties are needed for various purposes. However, the costs associated with soil sampling and laboratory analysis are substantial. One way to improve efficiencies is to combine measurement of soil properties with collection of cheaper-to-measure ancillary data. There are two possible approaches. The first is the formation of classes from ancillary data. A second is the...
This study examined the interrelations among vegetative cover and biomass, soil macronutrient levels, and soil erosion in northern Vietnam.We selected ten dominant land-use types in a hilly area of western Hanoi including bare soil, agriculture (cassava or lemon grass), shrub land, five types of plantation forest, and indigenous forest. We measured the understory biomass, litter biomass, canopy openness,...
The alpine steppe covers 700,000km2 on the central and western Tibetan Plateau, constituting a large portion of China's total grassland ecosystem. Yet, limited effort has been made to quantify its greenhouse gas fluxes and examine how they will respond to increased reactive N deposition. Therefore, we conducted an experiment to simulate an elevated level of N deposition (10kg Nha−1a−1) to investigate...
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